The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement that took place in Montgomery, Alabama, from December 1955 to December 1956. It was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, a Black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus. Her act of defiance led to her arrest and galvanized the Black community in Montgomery to boycott the city's segregated bus system.

The boycott was organized by civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and lasted for 381 days. During the boycott, African Americans carpooled, walked, or used alternative means of transportation to protest the city's discriminatory bus policies. The boycott put a significant financial strain on the bus company and drew national attention to the issue of racial segregation.

In November 1956, the Supreme Court ruled in Browder v. Gayle that segregated seating on buses was unconstitutional, leading to the desegregation of Montgomery's bus system. The Montgomery Bus Boycott marked a major victory for the Civil Rights Movement and inspired similar protests and demonstrations against racial segregation and discrimination across the United States.